Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops and their associated insect communities: a global food security perspective

Nitrogen (N) fertilization reduces worldwide food insecurity by boosting crop yield and stability. N is one of the most essential macromolecules required for growth reproduction plants. It occurs in diverse chemical forms circulates natural agricultural ecosystems. a constituent chlorophyll, hence photosynthesis Plants receive through their roots form ammonia or nitrate. Nutritional quality defense plants that have direct impact on herbivorous insects are altered can differentiate between different applications fertilizer. Increasing has variable plant species composition, growth, biomass, yields. Plant tissue protein contents also affected nitrogen fertilization. Moreover, affects many aspects such as population dynamics, larval count, weight, feeding choice, oviposition preference. Furthermore, predatory insect abundance, parasitization performance, development parasitoids host negatively Other important effects hemolymph profile herbivores, emission VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, indirect The aim this literature research to demonstrate doses crop-herbivore-natural enemy tri-trophic systems. information gathered review might help researchers understand optimal excessive production security. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 48-56